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Objective To explore the protective effect of erythropoietin(EPO) administrated by intranasal on cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats with acute cerebral infarction reperfusion.Methods Total of 100 SD rats were divided into model control group,sham operation group,intraperitoneal administration group ([PEPO group),nasal saline group (INNS group) group,and nasal drug delivery group (INEPO group) with 20 in each group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rat was established by thread embolism method and the NSS method was used to evaluate the neural behavior of rats.The expression of EPO in peripheral blood,cerebrospinal fluid and brain regions of rats were detected by Elisa.The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in brain was detected by immunofluorescence and then the density of newborn blood vessels in the brain was measured.Results Fifteen days after the operation,the NSS score of INEPO group(3.80± 1.61) was significantly lower than that of IPEPO group (11.53±2.11),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).And the levels of EPO in blood,cerebrospinal fluid and different brain regions of rats in INEPO group were higher than that of INNS group(all P＜0.01).Compared with IPE-PO group,the level of EPO cerebrospinal fluid and different brain regions of rats in INEPO group increased obviously,the difference was statistically significant (all P＜0.01),and the EPO concentration of the olfactory bulb was the most obvious (INEPO group:(1 456.90 ± 128.22) pg/ml,IPEPO group:(426.11 ± 36.68)pg/ml,P＜0.01).Seventy-two hours after operation,the expression of CD31 in ischemic penumbra of rats of model control group (18.21 ± 3.45),INNS group (18.54 ± 2.58),IPEPO group (27.01 ± 2.13) and INEPO group(35.52±2.79)was increased compared with sham operation group (5.14± 1.28),and the difference was statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The expression of CD31 in IPEPO group and INEPO group was significantly higher than that in INNS group (P＜0.05).In INEPO group,the expression of CD31 increased significantly compared with that of IPEPO group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nasal administration of EPO can effectively improve the neurological function of rats with ischemia-reperfusion,and increase the expression of CD31 in the brain tissue of rats.The effect of nasal administration is better than that of intraperitoneal administration.
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Objective To explore the effects of application calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) in cisterna magna on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH) in rat models.Methods 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.Group A was normal control group.After the subarachnoid hemorrhage models were established,group B,C,D were given normal saline,CGRP and adenovirus CGRP through cisterna magna respectively.White blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by automatic blood analyzer,CGRP activity was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,circulating endothelial cells were observed through laser scanning confocal microscope and parietal cortex regional cerebral blood flow were observed by laser doppler flowmeter.Basilar artery vasospasm and arterial blood gas analysis were detected by digital subtraction angiography and blood gas analyzer respectively.Results Before and after administration,there were no statistical differences in white blood cells and artery blood gas among the 4 groups (both P＞ 0.05).After administration 48 h,compared with group A,concentrations of CGRP in cerebrospinal fluid group B (0.006±0.002) did not increase (P＞0.05),but increased 200 times in Group C ((1.160±0.170) nmol/L,P＜0.05)and nearly 400 times in group D ((2.071±0.412) nmol/L,P＜0.05).Peripheral blood circulating endothelial cells count:after administration 48 h,group C((5.56±0.61) ind/0.9 μL) was less than in group B((9.94± 0.73) ind/0.9 μL).Group D((5.16±0.61) ind/0.9 μL) was less than group C(P＜0.01).Regional cerebral blood flow:after administration,compared with group B,cerebral blood flow of group C and group D increased,and the differences were both statistically significant (P＜0.01).Basilar artery diameter was detected after administration 12 h,group D ((1.000±0.025) mm) was 13％ bigger than group B ((0.670±0.028)mm,P＜0.05),3％ bigger than group C ((0.900±0.023) mm) (P＞0.05).Conclusion Cerebral vasospasm after SAH can be effectively improved by administration CGRP in cisterna magna.Adenovirus CGRP effect is better than CGRP.
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Objective The hypoxic-ischemic(HI) cardio-cerebral damage caused by cardiac arrest in perioperative period is the main cause of acute and chronic disability in children patients.To investigate role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of mice.Methods The hypoxic-ischemic mice model was established by the bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia treatment.The neurobehavior of mice in HI model group,sham-operated group,and comparative group were evaluated within 48 hours after operation.After 48 hours,the mice were killed to evaluate the brain water content,mitochondria content,swelling,antioxidant capacity,and respiratory function.Results Within 0,24 hours after operation,the abnormal rate of the neurobehavior of HI model mice was 83.33％,which was significantly higher than comparative and sham-operated groups.The water content of right brain was significantly increased evidently compared to the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The content and swelling of mitochondria in brain were increased.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the glutathione (GSH) content,respiratory state 3 (ST3),and respiration control of rate (RCR) were significantly decreased; while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ST4 were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The brain tissue showed different swelling,the mitochondrial function occurred disorder,which might play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of mice.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion (or spermatic cord torsion), and reduce its misdiagnosis and mistreatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirteen misdiagnosed clinical cases of testicular torsion from 1994 to 2004 were reviewed and analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The error rate of initial diagnosis was 84.3%, among which 81 cases (71.7%) were misdiagnosed as acute epididymitis or testis, 10 (8.8%) as hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis, and 7 (6.2%) as acute enteritis. The lengths of time between the income and diagnosis of the disease varied from 2 hours to 2 months, averaging 6.3 days. Hand replacement succeeded in 3 cases, surgical examination was carried out in 92, resection of the testis or epididymis was performed in 64, testis atrophy occurred in 26, and the total testis impairment rate was 79.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The key to the reduction of misdiagnosis is to improve the diagnostic methods, which can be achieved by the combined use of case history, physical signs and color ultrasonography. Surgical examination of the scrotum is the best option for both the diagnosis and the treatment of testicular torsion.</p>